These hormones are produced in glands, secreted into blood DIRECTLY
Two types:
Non-Target Hormones
Target Hormones
Non-Target Hormones affect many cells in body (ie: Insulin makes many cells absorb glucose; growth hormone affects many cells)
Target Hormones affect specific cells and tissues only (ie: Gastrin affects the stomach only)
Chemical Control Systems:
In order to integrate body functions we need...
Nervous System:
enables the body to adjust quickly to changes in the enviroment
Endocrine System:
maintains control over a long period of time (growth hormone)
Hypothalamus:
part of the NERVOUS SYSTEM
regulates pituitary gland (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM) through nerve stimulation
pituitary gland stimulates endocrine glands to secrete chemicals that affect nerve activity of hypothalamus
hypothalamus-pituitary gland complex demonstrates the interaction between two systems, the endocrine and nervous systems
Pituitary Gland
the "MASTER GLAND" meaning it has control over other endocrine glands
small sac-like structure connected to the hypothalamus (proximity-wise, very close to the hypothalamus, making it easier to control)
produces and stores hormones (double duty!)
The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus (ie: ADH or antidiuretic hormone). However, the anterior lobe produces it's own hormones that are released under control of the hypothalamus. It also stores regulator hormones (ie: thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH).
VIDEO:
Attaches to receptor site on outside of cell membrane
Hormone receptor complex promotes the formation of cyclic AMP (ATP -> cyclic AMP)
cyclic AMP acts as a messenger, activating enzymes in the cytoplasm to carry out their normal functions.
*NOTE: Cells DO NOT affect all cells. Cells may have receptors for one hormones but not for another. Also, hormones DO NOT affects cells directly, they attach to receptors that initiate a series of events within a cell. Hormones Affecting Blood Sugar
Islets of langerhans
- cells that produce hormones
-alpha produce glucagon, secreted when blood sugar is low: liver converts glycogen to glucose and brings blood sugar level back to normal (ie: fasting)
-beta produce insulin, secreted when blood sugar is high (converts glucose to glycogen, allows body cells to be permeable to glucose)
Diabetes Mellitus:
- insufficient insulin production
-kidneys can't reabsorb glucose, lots of it in urine
-without insulin, cells can't take in glucose, resulting in low energy
-there are three types:
Type 1
born with
early degeneration of Islets of Langerhans (beta cells) no insulin production
Introduction to homeostasis & The urinary system.
Rabeea Fatima
Video- Homeostasis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kxsviCkS40&feature=related
Video(s) - Urinary system
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxb2_d9ilEw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glu0dzK4dbU&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cc8sUv2SuaY&feature=related
Biology Notes:
May 19th, 2011
"Importance of the Endocrine System"
Danielle Hemet
VIDEO: Endocrine System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fh2HmdxQjQ&feature=related
Hormones:
- important for integrating body functions
- regulators
- produced by cells in one part of the body, and affect cells in other areas of the body
- small amounts of hormones are required to alter our metabolism
[Did you know: The word hormone comes from the Greek word "hormon" meaning to excite or put into motion]VIDEO:Hormones
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIPYVV4aThM
Endocrine Hormones:
- These hormones are produced in glands, secreted into blood DIRECTLY
- Two types:
- Non-Target Hormones
- Target Hormones
- Non-Target Hormones affect many cells in body (ie: Insulin makes many cells absorb glucose; growth hormone affects many cells)
- Target Hormones affect specific cells and tissues only (ie: Gastrin affects the stomach only)
Chemical Control Systems:In order to integrate body functions we need...
Nervous System:
- enables the body to adjust quickly to changes in the enviroment
Endocrine System:- maintains control over a long period of time (growth hormone)
Hypothalamus:- part of the NERVOUS SYSTEM
- regulates pituitary gland (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM) through nerve stimulation
- pituitary gland stimulates endocrine glands to secrete chemicals that affect nerve activity of hypothalamus
- hypothalamus-pituitary gland complex demonstrates the interaction between two systems, the endocrine and nervous systems
Pituitary Gland- the "MASTER GLAND" meaning it has control over other endocrine glands
- small sac-like structure connected to the hypothalamus (proximity-wise, very close to the hypothalamus, making it easier to control)
- produces and stores hormones (double duty!)
The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus (ie: ADH or antidiuretic hormone). However, the anterior lobe produces it's own hormones that are released under control of the hypothalamus. It also stores regulator hormones (ie: thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH).VIDEO:
*BIO TEXTBOOK: Fig.6 pg. 376
Protein Hormone vs: Steroid Hormone
Steroid Hormones:
Above: Steroid Hormone Action...Retrieved from:
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yxzctH3s2sM/TbmGSuohCRI/AAAAAAAAACA/dzvZQaGUOYM/s1600/steroid-hormone.jpg
Mode of Action:
- Hormone diffuses from cell
- Diffuses into target cell/ attaches to receptor molecules in cytoplasm
- Hormone receptor complex moves into nucleus and attaches to DNA
- A gene in activated in DNA, which initiates protein synthesis.
Protein Hormones:- chains of amino acids
- soluble in H20
- insulin and growth hormone are examples
*BIO TEXTBOOK: Fig. 5 pg. 375Above: Protein Hormone Action...Retrieved from:
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8b3hxDJrd_0/TbmGR63FXGI/AAAAAAAAAB8/H0LFoCcgNUE/s1600/Protein-hormones.jpg
Mode of Action:
- Released from cell
- Attaches to receptor site on outside of cell membrane
- Hormone receptor complex promotes the formation of cyclic AMP (ATP -> cyclic AMP)
- cyclic AMP acts as a messenger, activating enzymes in the cytoplasm to carry out their normal functions.
*NOTE:Cells DO NOT affect all cells. Cells may have receptors for one hormones but not for another.
Also, hormones DO NOT affects cells directly, they attach to receptors that initiate a series of events within a cell.
Hormones Affecting Blood Sugar
Islets of langerhans
- cells that produce hormones
-alpha produce glucagon, secreted when blood sugar is low: liver converts glycogen to glucose and brings blood sugar level back to normal (ie: fasting)
-beta produce insulin, secreted when blood sugar is high (converts glucose to glycogen, allows body cells to be permeable to glucose)
Diabetes Mellitus:
- insufficient insulin production
-kidneys can't reabsorb glucose, lots of it in urine
-without insulin, cells can't take in glucose, resulting in low energy
-there are three types:
Nerve Impulse/Action Potential Animations
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/actionpotential.html
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter8/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter8/animation__transmission_across_a_synapse.html
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/synapse.html
Fetal Pig Dissection
http://www.whitman.edu/content/virtualpig
http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/fetal0.htm
Cow's Eye Dissection
http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/
May 30th, 2011
"Importance of the Nervous System"
Moe Qureshi**
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-NgGKSNiNw